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Cancer Patients: (Lyons et al., 2010; n = 36; age = 54 (12); diagnosis: Multiple myeloma= 45%, Non-Hodgkin¡¯s lymphoma = 28%, Leukemia = 19%, Hodgkin¡¯s lymphoma = 8%)

Cancer Patients: (Lyons et al., 2010)

Cancer Patients: (Lyons et al., 2010)

Community Dwelling Adults: (Everard et al., 2000; n = 20; aged 65 to 87 years; time between assessments = 74 days)

• Excellent: Instrumental activities of daily living (r = 0.95)
• Excellent: Social (r = 0.83)
• Excellent: Low-demand leisure activity (r = 0.91)
• Excellent: High-demand leisure activity (r = 0.88)

Elderly Adults: (Albert et al., 2009; n = 375; mean age > 70 years; assessed at baseline and 12 months)

• Adequate test Retest reliabilitiy (r = 0.74)

Community Dwelling Adults: (Everard et al., 2000; n = 20; aged 65 to 87 years)

• Concurrent validity using the Activity Checklist
  • Excellent: Instrumental (r = 0.90)
  • Excellent: Social (r = 0.78)
  • Excellent: Low-demand leisure (r = 0.82)
  • Excellent: High-demand leisure activity (r = 0.72)

Older Adults: (Doney and Packer, 2008; n = 93, Mean age = 74.82 (8.64) years; Australian sample)

• Adequate: ACS-Aus CAL scores (mean = 0.807, SD = 0.12) and AAP scores (mean = 38.080, SD = 7.49); r = 0.434

Older Adults: (Doney and Packer, 2008)

• Adequate convergent validity: ACS-Aus CAL scores and PWI scores (mean = 64.760, SD = 10.18) r = 0.354
• Established discriminative validity: ACS-Aus CAL for a younger group (mean = 0.852, SD = 0.100) and an older gourp (mean = 0.760, SD = 0.120) which were found to be signigicantly different (independent t-test;p = 0.000)

Parkinson¡¯s disease: (Poerbodipoero et al., 2015; Participants were administered the Dutch version of the ACS)

• Excellent interrater/intrarater reliability: (ICC inter-rater = 0.85; ICC intra-rater = 0.89)

Convergent validity:

Parkinson¡¯s disease (Poerbodipoero et al., 2015; Participants were administered the Dutch version of the ACS)

• Poor convergent validity between ACS-NL performance scores and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) scores (r = 0.19; p < 0.001)
• Adequate convergent validity between ACS-NL performance scores and the Parkinson¡¯s Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39) index score, mobility, and ADL domains (r = 0.44 to 0.55, p?<?0.001).
• Poor convergent validity between ACS-NL performance scores and PDQ-39 scores for physical domain (r?=?0.27, p?<?0.001) and social domain (r?=?0.12, p?=?0.07).

• Significantly higher level of participation in activities for the mild group (Hoen & Yahr (H&Y) stage 1; n?=?46) compared to the moderate group (H&Y stage 3; n?=?60) (mean difference 16.4%,U?=?524.5, Z?=??5.453, p?<?0.001).
• Significantly higher scores for the mild group on self-perceived performance measured with the COPM (U?=?1000.5, Z?=??2.422, p?=?0.015) and health-related quality of life measured by the PDQ-39 (U?=?770.5, Z?=??3.554, p?<?0.001) than for the moderate group.

Idiopathic Parkinson Disease: (Duncan & Earhart, 2010; n = 62; Hoehn & Yahr Stages 1¨C4)

Chronic Stroke: (Hartman-Maei et al., 2007; n = 27; first event hemispheric stroke; mean age = 61.59 (7.38) years; Israeli sample, scores of teh test are reported before and after participants completed a community re-integration rehabilitation)

Multiple sclerosis: (Hamed & Holm, 2012; n = 105 (43 with MS and 62 healthy adults); mean age  = 45.1 (17.1) for Total Group, 40.8 (9.9) for MS group and 48.0 (20.2) for healthy group); retest administered after one month interval to 30 participants (10 with MS and 20 healthy); Jordanian participants administered Arab Heritage translation of Activity Card Sort (A-ACS)).

• Acceptable test-retest reliability: (ICC = 0.80, 95% confidence interval of 0.61 to 0.90, p < 0.00)

Multiple sclerosis: (Hamed & Holm, 2012; Jordanian participants administered Arab Heritage translation of Activity Card Sort (A-ACS))

• Excellent internal consistency for all items (¦Á = 0.90)
• Poor to Excellent internal consistency for domains:
  • Excellent internal consistency for Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) (¦Á = 0.86)
  • Adequate internal consistency for Low-Physical Demand Leisure (LDL) (¦Á = 0.77)
  • Poor internal consistency for High-Physical Demand Leisure (HDL) (¦Á = 0.69)
  • Excellent internal consistency for LDL/HDL combined (¦Á = 0.84)
  • Adequate internal consistency for Social Activities (SA) (¦Á = 0.73)
  • Adequate internal consistency for Religious Activities (¦Á = 0.74)

Concurrent Validity

Multiple sclerosis: (Hamed & Holm, 2012; Jordanian participants administered Arab Heritage translation of Activity Card Sort (A-ACS))

• Adequate concurrent validity between A-ACS total retained level and the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory (MP) participation index (r = 0.55, p < 0.000)

• Significantly greater current participation on the A-ACS reported by the healthy group compared to the MS group (F = 5.09, p < 0.03)
• Significantly greater retained participation levels on the A-ACS reported by the healthy group compared to the MS group (F = 6.01, p < 0.02)
• No Difference between healthy and MS groups for previous participation levels
• Significantly greater retained participation levels on the A-ACS reported by the healthy young adult group compared to the MS group (F = 4.98, p < 0.01)
• No Difference between healthy older adult group and MS group for retained level of previous participation levels

The content validity of the A-ACS was established in a previous study with a sample of 156 younger and older adults from Jordan (Hamed et al., 2011).

• The study yielded a list of 88 activities classified in five domains: (IADL, LDL, HDL, and SA) and a new religious activities domain (RA).
• Of the 88 activities in the A-ACS, 19 were unique to the Jordanian/Arab culture.
• The administration and scoring used in the new A-ACS is the same as the original version.

Depression Amongst Community-Dwelling Older Adults: (Tanikaga et al., 2023; n = 74; mean age = 78.6 (5.70); male = 40; 5-7 months post onset of COVID-19 pandemic; mean activity and participation scores (SD): IADLs (26 items): 14.90 (4.85), L-leisure (18 items): 8.64 (3.13), H-leisure (10 items): 3.67 (1.89), and sociocultural activity (18 items): 7.20 (3.06) Japanese participants administered Activity Card Sort-Japanese Version (ACS-JPN); SEM calculated as SEM = Standard Deviation from the first test x (square root of (1-ICC)))

• IADL SEM= 4.91 x (square root (1-0.89) = 1.628
• L-Leisure SEM= 3.17 x (square root (1-0.79) = 1.453
• H-Leisure SEM= 1.87 x (square root (1-0.71) = 1.007
• Sociocultural Activity SEM= 3.00 x (square root (1-0.79) =1.375

• IADL MDC = 4.512
• L-Leisure MDC = 4.027
• H-Leisure MDC = 2.791
• Sociocultural Activity MDC = 3.811

Depression Amongst Community-Dwelling Older Adults: (Tanikaga et al., 2023; n = 74; Japanese participants administered ACS-JPN)

• Significant difference by sex among the 26 IADLs in the ACS-JPN; men showed a mean of 13.6 (4.85) and women showed a mean of 16.5 (4.56), p = 0.012

Depression Amongst Community-Dwelling Older Adults: (Tanikaga et al., 2023; n = 74; Japanese participants administered ACS-JPN)

Summary data for scores on Activity Card Sort (Japanese version)

• Acceptable: ICC = 0.73 all domain activities score; ranged from 0.71 (H-leisure)-0.89 (IADLs)

Depression Amongst Community-Dwelling Older Adults: (Tanikaga et al., 2023; n = 74; Japanese participants administered ACS-JPN)

• Excellent: Cronbach¡¯s alpha range from 0.83-0.94 for the four ACS domains

Depression Amongst Community-Dwelling Older Adults: (Tanikaga et al., 2023; n = 74; Japanese participants administered ACS-JPN)

• Sufficient: activities included in ACS-JPN were selected from everyday activities of community dwelling elderly in five diverse regions of Japan
• ¡°the number of current and previous activities can be quantitatively evaluated in each of these four domains¡± (p.4)

• Statistically significant: difference in the activity retention rates, with H-leisure and sociocultural activities being significantly lower than IADL and L-leisure (p < 0.001)

Individuals Experiencing Homelessness (IEH): (Tyminski, et al., 2020; IEH (phase 1: n = 13, phase 2: n = 10); non-homeless individuals (phase 2: n = 30); Participants administered ACS-Advancing Inclusive Participation)

• Initial construct validity study demonstrated differences between occupational participation of those who are homeless and non-homeless in the areas of social engagement, non-sanctioned occupations, work and education, and home management. 

Healthy Adults: (Gustafsson et al., 2016; n = 54, female = 41; Australian participants administered ACS-Australian version (18-64))

• Excellent test-retest reliability for overall activity levels: (ICC = 0.92)
• Acceptable to Excellent internal consistency for all activity domains:
  • Personal care, daily life, home maintenance: (ICC = 0.88)
  • Recreation and relaxation: (ICC = 0.91)
  • High/low impact physical: (ICC = 0.88)

Healthy Adults: (Gustafsson et al., 2016, n = 54)

• Excellent: Cronbach's alpha (¦Á) for all items = 0.83